Graduate Catalog
Special Education
Special educators require skills in adapting general education curricula, making these curricula accessible to students with exceptionalities at all grade levels. Building on the teaching skills required to create reflective, collaborative classrooms, special educators develop instructional strategies to help each individual student "learn how to learn."
Program participants examine issues of learning and teaching such as language acquisition, cultural bias and sensitivity, assessment paradigms and practices, behavior management, instructional adaptation, legal requirements, and family support. Lewis & Clark special education programs emphasize the application of theoretically sound and experimentally validated instructional practices for working with students who present one or multiple learning challenges in the domains of cognition, language, and motor and emotional development from pre-K-12. Participants in this program work with their colleagues and school based leaders in the field of special education to examine current research and promising practices for supporting special education eligible students to improve academic achievement and increase socially acceptable behavior.
Through courses and field experiences focused on the needs of special education students we help good teachers become knowledgeable and skilled special educators.
Licensing Agencies
Lewis & Clark's graduate programs leading to licensure and endorsement are approved under the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and the Oregon Teacher Standards and Practices Commission (TSPC).
Special Education Endorsement
The Special Education Endorsement Program was developed to help teachers and administrators work more effectively with students who are eligible for special education. Educators who hold a current Oregon Initial or Continuing teaching license and want to teach in special education may complete the 18-semester hour program and the required special education NES assessment to apply to the Oregon Teaching Standards and Practices Commission (TSPC) for the Special Education Endorsement (for information about the Basic/Standard Exceptional Learner I endorsement, see below). Endorsement coursework can also include the requirements for the Oregon Continuing Teaching License, thus allowing the teacher to simultaneously earn the Special Education Endorsement and the Continuing Teaching License. (Students choose whether to complete the endorsement requirements at the Early Childhood/Elementary or the Middle Level/High School authorization levels.)
Endorsement Requirements
A minimum of 18 semester hours, including practicum
A passing score on the Special Education subject-area NES exam
Required Endorsement Courses
Summer I
| SPED 510/SPED 626 | Educating Students With Special Needs: Learning and Legal Issues | 2 |
| SPED 511/SPED 629 | Behavior Change Interventions for Students with Serious Emotional and Behavioral Disorders | 2 |
| SPED 516/SPED 628 | Interventions for Severely Challenged Students | 2 |
Fall
| SPED 513/SPED 632 | Assessment and Diagnosis for Students With Special Needs | 3 |
| SPED 545/SPED 645 | Practicum I | 1 |
Spring
| SPED 514/SPED 633 | Curriculum and Instruction for Students With Special Needs | 3 |
| SPED 546/SPED 646 | Practicum II | 1 |
Summer II
| SPED 517/SPED 627 | Teaching Reading to Students with Special Needs | 2 |
| SPED 535/SPED 635 | Current Issues in Special Education | 2 |
Basic and Standard Exceptional Learner I Endorsements
Teachers who hold an Oregon Basic or Standard teaching license may complete the Exceptional Learner I endorsement through the same 18-semester-hour program as those who hold the Initial I teaching license. Within six years these individuals must also complete an additional 10 semester hours of coursework, as required by TSPC, to obtain the Standard Exceptional Learner I endorsement. For more information about this option, please contact program director Christine Moore.
Master of Education: Special Education With Endorsement
Students seeking the master of education degree with a special education endorsement will complete a 37-semester-hour program, the first 18 hours of which coincide with the Special Education Endorsement program of study. The remaining 19 hours of the M.Ed. program are designed collaboratively with an advisor. Students work with an advisor to incorporate reading, ESOL, and other courses into their degree. (Students choose whether to complete the endorsement requirements at the Early Childhood/Elementary or the Middle Level/High School authorization levels.)
The program also prepares teachers who currently hold an Initial I Teaching License in Oregon to earn their Continuing Teaching License.* To be recommended for an Oregon Continuing Teaching License, you must:
- be admitted to and complete this program of study, including recommendation for degree candidacy
- have five years of licensed teaching in a K-12 school.
*Teachers holding a Basic or Standard teaching license can earn their Basic and Standard Exceptional Learner I endorsements, as well as the Standard Teaching License, by completing the requirements for this master's degree program.
Degree Requirements
A passing score on the special education subject-area NES exam
A minimum of 37 semester hours, distributed as follows:
The 18 semester hours required for the Special Education endorsement
Additional special education courses are based on student need and adviser recommendation and may include:
| SPED 520/SPED 620 | Advanced Instructional Decision Making | 3 |
| SPED 521/SPED 621 | Effective Program Development for Students with Serious Emotional and Behavioral Disorders | 3 |
| SPED 522/SPED 622 | Program Development for Severely Challenged Students | 2 |
| SPED 523/SPED 623 | Special Topics Seminar | 2 |
| SPED 631 | School-Based Consultation | 2 |
| LA 500/LA 634 | Language Acquisition and Development | 3 |
Additional courses as determined with advisor may include courses in the Reading or ESOL endorsement programs. Courses in other areas of education and counseling may be considered.
Graduate Core Requirement
A minimum of 2 semester hours of Core Program coursework and one Core convocation
Continuing Teaching License
Teachers holding an Initial I or II Oregon teaching license and who are seeking the Continuing Teaching License may earn the continuing license by completing the requirements of an endorsement program. The requirements for the Continuing Teaching License are embedded in the following endorsement programs:
By applying to an endorsement program, you are automatically applying to our Continuing Teaching License program. If you successfully complete one of the above endorsement programs, Lewis & Clark will recommended you to the Oregon Teacher Standards and Practices Commission (TSPC) for both the endorsement and an Oregon Continuing Teaching License, if the following conditions have been met:
- You have been admitted to and complete the required course work, portfolio, and practica in one of the above-listed endorsement programs
- You have completed all requirements of the Initial I and the Initial II licenses
- You hold a master's degree or higher in the arts and sciences or an advanced degree in the professions
Please note that:
- Applicants to TSPC for the Continuing Teaching License are required to have taught five years of at least half-time or more on any non-provisional license appropriate for the assignment; and
- The NES/ORELA or PRAXIS II subject area test, or the appropriate TSPC-approved alternative assessment, is required in order to apply to TSPC for the endorsement. No tests are required by TSPC for the Continuing Teaching License, but since the license requirements are embedded in endorsement programs at Lewis & Clark, all endorsement candidates will need to complete the appropriate required tests regardless. For details, please view the particular endorsement program page (links above).
Endorsement Courses (On Campus)
SPED 510 Educating Students With Special Needs: Learning and Legal Issues
Content: Analysis of the cognitive, linguistic, motor,
behavioral, and learning characteristics of
individuals with special needs. With the focus on
progress monitoring and accountability, topics
include history, current policies and procedures,
the practice of special education based on
scientific research, incorporation of technology,
and legal issues. Students develop and refine a
research-based foundation in the education of
students with special needs, including the impact
of linguistic and cultural variability on special
education eligibility and practice.
Prerequisites: None.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 511 Behavior Change Interventions for Students with Serious Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Content: Study of the developmental backgrounds of students
with significant emotional/behavioral problems,
and practices to help these students develop more
productive behaviors. Emphasis on procedures for
completing a functional behavior analysis (FBA)
and a behavior intervention plan (BIP),
research-based interventions including
environmental modifications, positive behavior
supports and interventions (PBIS), social-skills
training, cognitive-behavioral interventions,
self-monitoring, contracting, and the use of
outside agencies to support the school in
assisting students.
Prerequisites: SPED 510/626 or consent of instructor.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 516 Interventions for Severely Challenged Students
Content: Students learn instructional practices to increase
the functional performance and academic success of
students with severe disabilities (e.g., autism
spectrum disorder, severe mental retardation, or
multiple disabilities). Participants learn
research-validated strategies with demonstrated
effectiveness in increasing communication skills,
appropriate behavior, social skills, and
life-skill routines for severely disabled
students. Emphasis is placed on data-driven
instruction in the least restrictive environment,
and working with paraprofessionals.
Prerequisites: SPED 510/626.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 513 Assessment and Diagnosis for Students With Special Needs
Content: Assessment, diagnosis, and eligibility for special
education as defined by federal and state law.
Emphasis is placed on accountability measures and
progress monitoring; current assessment
instruments/practices; curriculum-based
assessment/curriculum-based measurement; and
response to intervention (RTI) with information
relevant to special education eligibility,
specially designed instruction (SDI) and student
progress. Participants design a
progress-monitoring paradigm which includes
selecting, administering, and scoring individual
academic assessments; interpreting
scores/profiles; and providing SDI recommendations
across grade levels and academic areas.
Prerequisites: SPED 510/626 or advisor consent required.
Corequisites: SPED 545/645.
Credits: 1-3 semester hours.
SPED 545 Practicum I
Content: Public-school-based field experience provides each
participant with observation and feedback
concerning the application of essential skills,
which are required to meet the Oregon special
education standards associated with the Special
Education Endorsement and the Continuing Teaching
License. Observations are collaboratively
scheduled by the endorsement candidate and
practicum supervisor with pre- and
post-observation analysis. Participants are
required to document time spent providing all
aspects of the special education process with the
emphasis on assessment and progress monitoring.
Prerequisites: SPED 510/626.
Corequisites: SPED 513/632.
Credits: 1 semester hour.
SPED 514 Curriculum and Instruction for Students With Special Needs
Content: Research-validated curriculum and specially
designed instruction (SDI) for students with
disabilities. Based on state standards (Oregon
Assessment of Knowledge and Skills), participants
review and adapt general education curricula
appropriate to their authorization level to create
specially designed instruction (SDI) that
emphasizes and supports progress across academic
areas, learning strategies, and appropriate
accommodations. This course uses curriculum-based
assessment and measurement data to craft effective
as well as substantively and procedurally correct
individual education plans (IEPs); and specially
designed instruction based on student achievement
data. Candidates will demonstrate all skills
necessary to facilitate an IEP meeting including
group dynamics and conflict resolution strategies.
Prerequisites: SPED-513/SPED 632 or consent of advisor.
Corequisites: SPED-546/646.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
SPED 546 Practicum II
Content: Clinical field experience to provide each
candidate with observation and feedback concerning
essential skills required by the special education
standards associated with the Special Education
Endorsement and the Continuing Teaching License.
Observations are collaboratively scheduled by the
participant and practicum supervisor with pre- and
post-observation analysis. Observations in
Practicum I (SPED 545) have provided formative
assessment of a candidate's demonstrated
knowledge, skills, and dispositions related to
special education practice. This course provides
summative assessment of the candidate. Candidates
document time spent providing all aspects of the
special education process with emphasis on
progress monitoring, individual education plans
(IEPs) and specially designed instruction (SDI)
Prerequisites: SPED 510/626, SPED 545.
Corequisites: SPED 514/633.
Credits: 1 semester hour.
SPED 517 Teaching Reading to Students with Special Needs
Content: Curriculum and instructional practices based on
validated research for teaching reading and
writing to students with disabilities. Topics
include the causes and correlates of reading
difficulties, research-validated reading
curricula, models of reading instruction (K-12)
emphasizing reading comprehension outcomes, basic
reading skills, learning strategy acquisition, and
progress monitoring with specially designed
instruction (SDI) in reading based on the general
education curricula.
Prerequisites: SPED 514/SPED 633 or consent of advisor.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 535 Current Issues in Special Education
Content: Provides an integrated summary of current content,
pedagogy, learning, and legal issues that have
direct impact on the practice of special education
in k-12 public schools. The faculty and
endorsement candidates jointly select topics for
additional emphasis based on participants'
backgrounds and cumulative experiences in the
Special Education Endorsement program. Focus is on
application of all components of special education
standards in Oregon.
Prerequisites: Completion of all coursework for the Special Education
Endorsement or consent of program director.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
Endorsement Courses (Off Campus)
SPED 626 Educating Students With Special Needs: Learning and Legal Issues
Content: Analysis of the cognitive, linguistic, motor,
behavioral, and learning characteristics of
individuals with special needs. With the focus on
progress monitoring and accountability, topics
include history, current policies and procedures,
the practice of special education based on
scientific research, incorporation of technology,
and legal issues. Students develop and refine a
research-based foundation in the education of
students with special needs, including the impact
of linguistic and cultural variability on special
education eligibility and practice.
Prerequisites: None.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 629 Behavior Change Interventions for Students With Serious Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Content: Study of the developmental backgrounds of students
with significant emotional/behavioral problems,
and practices to help these students develop more
productive behaviors. Emphasis on procedures for
completing a functional behavior analysis (FBA)
and a behavior intervention plan (BIP),
research-based interventions including
environmental modifications, positive behavior
supports and interventions (PBIS), social-skills
training, cognitive-behavioral interventions,
self-monitoring, contracting, and the use of
outside agencies to support the school in
assisting students.
Prerequisites: SPED-510/626 or consent of instructor.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 628 Interventions for Severely Challenged Students
Content: Students learn instructional practices to increase
the functional performance and academic success of
students with severe disabilities (e.g., autism
spectrum disorder, severe mental retardation, or
multiple disabilities). Participants learn
research-validated strategies with demonstrated
effectiveness in increasing communication skills,
appropriate behavior, social skills, and
life-skill routines for severely disabled
students. Emphasis is placed on data-driven
instruction in the least restrictive environment,
and working with paraprofessionals.
Prerequisites: SPED-510/626.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 632 Assessment and Diagnosis for Students With Special Needs
Content: Assessment, diagnosis, and eligibility for special
education as defined by federal and state law.
Emphasis is placed on accountability measures and
progress monitoring; current assessment
instruments/practices; curriculum-based
assessment/curriculum-based measurement; and
response to intervention (RTI) with information
relevant to special education eligibility,
specially designed instruction (SDI) and student
progress. Participants design a
progress-monitoring paradigm which includes
selecting, administering, and scoring individual
academic assessments; interpreting
scores/profiles; and providing SDI recommendations
across grade levels and academic areas.
Prerequisites: SPED-510/626 or consent of advisor.
Corequisites: SPED-545/645.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
SPED 645 Practicum I
Content: Public-school-based field experience provides each
participant with observation and feedback
concerning the application of essential skills,
which are required to meet the Oregon special
education standards associated with the Special
Education Endorsement and the Continuing Teaching
License. Observations are collaboratively
scheduled by the endorsement candidate and
practicum supervisor with pre- and
post-observation analysis. Participants are
required to document time spent providing all
aspects of the special education process with the
emphasis on assessment and progress monitoring.
Prerequisites: SPED-510/626.
Corequisites: SPED-513/632.
Credits: 1 semester hour.
SPED 633 Curriculum and Instruction for Students With Special Needs
Content: Research-validated curriculum and specially
designed instruction (SDI) for students with
disabilities. Based on state standards (Oregon
Assessment of Knowledge and Skills), participants
review and adapt general education curricula
appropriate to their authorization level to create
specially designed instruction (SDI) that
emphasizes and supports progress across academic
areas, learning strategies, and appropriate
accommodations. This course uses curriculum-based
assessment and measurement data to craft effective
as well as substantively and procedurally correct
individual education plans (IEPs); and specially
designed instruction based on student achievement
data. Candidates will demonstrate all skills
necessary to facilitate an IEP meeting including
group dynamics and conflict resolution strategies.
Prerequisites: SPED-513/632 or consent of advisor.
Corequisites: SPED-546/646.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
SPED 646 Practicum II
Content: Clinical field experience to provide each
candidate with observation and feedback concerning
essential skills required by the special education
standards associated with the Special Education
Endorsement and the Continuing Teaching License.
Observations are collaboratively scheduled by the
participant and practicum supervisor with pre- and
post-observation analysis. Observations in
Practicum I (SPED-545) have provided formative
assessment of a candidate's demonstrated
knowledge, skills, and dispositions related to
special education practice. This course provides
summative assessment of the candidate. Candidates
document time spent providing all aspects of the
special education process with emphasis on
progress monitoring, individual education plans
(IEPs) and specially designed instruction (SDI)
Prerequisites: SPED-510/626, SPED 545/645.
Corequisites: SPED-514/633.
Credits: 1 semester hour.
SPED 627 Teaching Reading to Students With Special Needs
Content: Curriculum and instructional practices based on
validated research for teaching reading and
writing to students with disabilities. Topics
include the causes and correlates of reading
difficulties, research-validated reading
curricula, models of reading instruction (K-12)
emphasizing reading comprehension outcomes, basic
reading skills, learning strategy acquisition, and
progress monitoring with specially designed
instruction (SDI) in reading based on the general
education curricula.
Prerequisites: SPED-514/633 or consent of advisor.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 635 Current Issues in Special Education
Content: Provides an integrated summary of current content,
pedagogy, learning, and legal issues that have
direct impact on the practice of special education
in k-12 public schools. The faculty and
endorsement candidates jointly select topics for
additional emphasis based on participants'
backgrounds and cumulative experiences in the
Special Education Endorsement program. Focus is on
application of all components of special education
standards in Oregon.
Prerequisites: Completion of all coursework for the Special Education
Endorsement or consent of program director.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
Master of Education Degree Courses (On Campus)
SPED 520 Advanced Instructional Decision Making
Content: Building on skills developed in the assessment,
curriculum, and instruction courses, participants
integrate and apply concepts of curriculum and
instructional decision making for students with
diverse backgrounds and special needs. Focus is on
the integration of district-mandated general
education curricula, state standards and state
assessment, and research in instructional
practices with demonstrated efficacy for students
with high-incidence disabilities.
Prerequisites: SPED 514/633 or consent of advisor.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
SPED 521 Effective Program Development for Students with Serious Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Content: Examination of key components of effective
programs. Students visit and review programs that
use different intervention models. Emphasis on
schools or programs with positive behavioral
interventions and supports (PBIS). Participants
study and review delivery systems ranging from a
consultation model to a therapeutic day-treatment
program. Emphases on creating democratic
communities that respond sensitively to students'
social, emotional, and developmental needs and are
culturally sensitive. The course focuses on
creating appropriate and meaningful learning
experiences for these students, including
place-based education and real-world problem
solving with students who experience emotional and
behavior disorders.
Prerequisites: SPED 511/SPED 629 or consent of advisor.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
SPED 522 Program Development for Severely Challenged Students
Content: Current practices with demonstrated effectiveness
for developing and performing interventions with
children who have severe disabilities. Emphasis on
research-validated practices for students with
autism spectrum disorders. Participants review
research and models for delivery of services to
these students and explore existing programs that
cover the entire continuum of special education
services as they relate to severely disabled
children. Topics include services that bridge the
transition from school to the community and
workplace as well as transition services for
younger children.
Prerequisites: SPED-516/SPED 628.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 523 Special Topics Seminar
Content: Culminating course of the Special Educator M.Ed.
Candidates apply research principles in special
education. Students integrate and apply what they
have learned throughout the program. In
consultation with the instructor and
class-participants, each student designs a
research project that answers important questions
related to his or her work with students who have
special needs. In association with these projects,
class-members determine the content of seminar
meetings and speakers invited to discuss-issues
selected by the students. ED-509 may be
substituted for this course.
Prerequisites: None.
Restrictions: Completion of 27 of the 37 semester hours in the Master of
Education: Special Education with Endorsement Program.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
LA 500 Language Acquisition and Development
Content: Theories of how first and second languages
(written and spoken) are acquired, the importance
of first-language development and its relationship
to the acquisition of other languages, and the
relationship of language to cognitive development.
Understanding of these issues is used to promote a
school environment that honors diverse
perspectives and maximizes language learning
potential and ensures respect for communities
whose languages or varieties of English differ
from standard school English. Required for the
Reading and ESOL/Bilingual Education endorsements.
The initial course in the Reading Endorsement
sequence and recommended preparation for other
language arts offerings.
Prerequisites: None.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
Master of Education Degree Courses (On Campus)
SPED 620 Advanced Instructional Decision Making
Content: Building on skills developed in the assessment,
curriculum, and instruction courses, participants
integrate and apply concepts of curriculum and
instructional decision making for students with
diverse backgrounds and needs. Focus is on the
integration of district-mandated general education
curricula, state standards and state assessment,
and research in instructional practices with
demonstrated efficacy for students with
high-incidence disabilities.
Prerequisites: SPED-514, SPED 633 or consent of advisor.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
SPED 621 Effective Program Development for Students With Serious Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Content: Examination of key components of effective
programs. Students visit and review programs that
use different intervention models. Emphasis on
schools or programs with positive behavioral
interventions and supports (PBIS). Participants
study and review delivery systems ranging from a
consultation model to a therapeutic day-treatment
program. Emphases on creating democratic
communities that respond sensitively to students'
social, emotional, and developmental needs and are
culturally sensitive. The course focuses on
creating appropriate and meaningful learning
experiences for these students, including
place-based education and real-world problem
solving with students who experience emotional and
behavior disorders.
Prerequisites: SPED-511/629 or consent of advisor.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
SPED 622 Program Development for Severely Challenged Students
Content: Current practices with demonstrated effectiveness
for developing and performing interventions with
children who have severe disabilities. Emphasis on
research-validated practices for students with
autism spectrum disorders. Participants review
research and models for delivery of services to
these students and explore existing programs that
cover the entire continuum of special education
services as they relate to severely disabled
children. Topics include services that bridge the
transition from school to the community and
workplace as well as transition services for
younger children.
Prerequisites: SPED-516/628.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 623 Special Topics Seminar
Content: Culminating course of the Special Educator M.Ed.
Candidates apply research principles in special
education. Students integrate and apply what they
have learned throughout the program. In
consultation with the instructor and
class-participants, each student designs a
research project that answers important questions
related to his or her work with students who have
special needs. In association with these projects,
class-members determine the content of seminar
meetings and speakers invited to discuss-issues
selected by the students. ED-509 may be
substituted for this course.
Prerequisites: None.
Restrictions: Completion of 27 of the 37 semester hours in the Master of
Education: Special Education with Endorsement Program.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
SPED 631 School-Based Consultation
Content: Identifying and applying the consultation and
collaboration skills needed to support special
education students in the classroom. Topics
include communication strategies, conflict
resolution skills, problem-solving techniques,
progress monitoring, collaborative decision-making
processes, staff development, facilitating
consultation and collaboration efforts, and
developing effective interpersonal communication.
Students learn skills for use in general education
classroom settings and skills for helping teachers
develop and use assessment methods, curricla, and
instructional strategies with demonstrated
effectiveness in improving student outcomes.
Prerequisites: SPED 510/626.
Credits: 2 semester hours.
LA 634 Language Acquisition and Development
Content: Theories of how first and second languages
(written and spoken) are acquired, the importance
of first-language development and its relationship
to the acquisition of other languages, and the
relationship of language to cognitive development.
Understanding of these issues is used to promote a
school environment that honors diverse
perspectives and maximizes language learning
potential and ensures respect for communities
whose languages or varieties of English differ
from standard school English. Required for the
Reading and ESOL/Bilingual Education endorsements.
The initial course in the Reading Endorsement
sequence and recommended preparation for other
language arts offerings.
Prerequisites: None.
Credits: 3 semester hours.
Graduate Departments and Programs of Study